2024年高考全国甲卷英语试题
（四川 西藏 陕西 青海 宁夏 内蒙古）
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where are the speakers going?
A. A new restaurant.
B. A convenience store.
C. Their office.
2. When is the class presentation according to Vicky?
A. On Thursday.
B. On Wednesday. C. On Tuesday.
3.Why does the woman make the call?
A. To check the price.
B. To make an apology. C. To cancel her order.
4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife.
B. Boss and employee.
C. Salesperson and customer.
5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Their move to a new place.
B. Tom\'s friends at school.
C. A sports center.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. What does the girl tell her dad?
A. She decides to quit college.
B. She worries about her academic ability.
C. She is unpopular with her classmates.
7.How does the father help his daughter?
A. By telling a funny joke.
B. By sharing his own story.
C. By planning a school tour.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.Who is the man?
A. A researcher.
B. A bird watcher.
C. A radio host.
9.When do birds sing quieter?
A. On weekend mornings.
B. During rush hours.
C. In early evenings.
10.What is Dr. Zollinger going to do next?
A. Summarize her studies.
B. Play some recordings.
C. Answer more questions.
听第8段材料,回答第11 至13 题。
11.Where was Jena born?
A. In Canada.
B. In Japan.
C. In Australia.
12.How old was Mike when he left Glasgow?
A. Five.
B. Six.
C. Ten.
13. What do we know about Mike\'s parents?
A. They enjoy living abroad.
B. They first met at the age of
C. They will start their own company.
听第9段材料,回答第14 至16题。
14. What is the first question to Mr. Green about?
A. His adventure in space.
B. His physical condition.
C. His doctor\'s advice.
15.How does Mr. Green feel about traveling to Mars?
A. It\'s unlikely to happen.
B. It’s physically demanding.
C. It\'s a chance not to be missed.
16. Which is Mr. Green’s favorite movie?
A. Apollo 13.
B. Blue Earth.
C. Space Station.
听第 10 段材料,回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker doing?
A. Giving a report.
B. Introducing a musical play.
C. Making an announcement.
18. What are the students expected to do?
A. Carry school flags.
B. Wear fun clothes.
C. Design fancy masks.
19. Where can the parents stand and watch?
A. On the sidewalk.
B. On the playground.
C. In front of the office.
20. What should the students do if they don\'t take part?
A. Let their teacher know.
B. Stay in the lecture hall.
C. Do some reading.
第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community\'s artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880 -1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates(无脊椎动物) create some of nature\'s most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺)materials.
Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter\'s wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-Pom Making
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit(编织).
21.What do we know about ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings.
B. It offers art courses for all ages.
C. It presents recreational activities.
D. It is a major tourist attraction.
22. Which program will you join if you\'re interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Watercolor.
B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Throwing.
D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
23.What can you do together with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditional dance.
B. Make handcrafts.
C. Visit a local museum
D. Feed invertebrates.
B
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you\'re able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother\'s attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your faceand store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That\'s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don\'t usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but catstake this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that\'s been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it\'s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
24.What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph?
A. It’s a survival skill.
B. It\'s taught by mother cats.
C. It\'s hard to interpret.
D. It\'s getting louder with age.
25.How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds.
B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells.
D. By communicating with other cats.
26. Which best explains the phrase “take ... up notch” in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately.
B. Move faster.
C. Act strangely.
D. Do better.
27. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B. Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat
D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
C
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers -it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
\"People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,\" says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia\'s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor\'s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train\'s equipment allows for basic checkups. \"I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,\" says Ducke. \"They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.\"
28.How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?
A. It runs across countries.
B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital.
D. It travels along a river.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated.
B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city.
D. It needs medical aid.
30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?
A. About a year.
B. About ten months.
C. About two months.
D. About two weeks.
31. What is Ducke\'s attitude toward the Saint Lukas\' services?
A. Appreciative.
B. Doubtful.
C.Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
D
\"I didn\'t like the ending,\" I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn\'t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver，but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I\'d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn\'t guess, I\'d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end - that\'s hard. It\'s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that\'s unpredictable, but doesn\'t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what\'s right for the characters.
That\'s why this issue (期)of Writer\'s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you\'re doing. If it\'s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won\'t tell you what your ending should be - that\'s up to you and the story you\'re telling - but it might provide what you need to get there.
32.Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel.
B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer.
D. To ask for a reading list.
33. What did the author realize after seeing Prof Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by characters
C. Each type of literature has its unique ending
D.A story which begins well will end well
34. What is expected of a good ending?
A. It satisfies readers’ taste.
B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive.
D. It is open for imagination.
35.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A. To give examples of great novelists.
B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine.
D. To recommend their new books.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is moderation(适度)? Basically，it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ______36______ But it doesn\'t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It\'s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. _____37_____It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It\'s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. _____38______
Control emotional(情绪的)eating._____39______Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
______40______ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢)，while eating small， healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 -16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you\'re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don\'t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don\'t swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won\'t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the _41_ to help my grandmother wash dishes. _42_ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWI, my grandmother_43_ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to_44_. Like in typical families, where boys were_45_ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do_46_. The only opportunity(机会)she could seize to_47_was when her brother was having Chinese_48_ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening_49_. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down一 a skill that has turned out to be quite_50_，especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then，and her brother would go to the _51_. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their _52_while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I _53_ --- her ability to open her_54_underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite _55_ compared with hers. I am _56_ that I did not need to_57_the hardships like she did. I\'ve never faced the problem of_58_.I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to_59_to: her stories always make my history textbooks_60_.
41. A. sitting room
B. kitchen
C. yard
D. dining hall
42. A.As always
B. By the way
C. For example
D. Here and now
43. A. adjusted
B. promoted
C. achieved
D. experienced
44. A. work
B. school
C. court
D. press
45. A. favored
B. tolerated
C. trusted
D. acknowledged
46. A. gardening
B. homework
C. business
D. housework
47. A. exercise
B. study
C. explore
D. teach
48.A. food
B. guests
C. lessons
D. tea
49. A. closely
B. directly
C. nervously
D. freely
50. A. professional
B. awkward
C. simple
D. practical
51. A. market
B. mountain
C. beach
D. class
52. A. secret
B. breath
C. view
D. tongue
53. A. admire
B. notice
C. adopt
D. value
54. A. hands
B. mouth
C. eyes
D. arms
55. A. difficult
B. complex
C. happy
D. similar
56. A. grateful
B. surprised
C. convinced
D. regretful
57. A. reflect upon
B. go through
C. ask about
D. prepare for
58. A. unemployment
B. health
C. education
D. communication
59. A. attend
B. refer
C. lead
D. talk
60. A. come true
B. come round
C. come out
D. come alive
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _61_ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are _62_ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).How did the national park system come about? On a cool，starry night in mid- September 1870，four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in _63_ is now northwestern Wyoming. They _64_ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should _65_ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with _66_ (it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _67_ all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the _68_ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the _69_ ( large) United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell- Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _70_ became a national monument in 1978，took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改 10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. Our fast train was packing with passengers. A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed.Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love.
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
英语课要求做课堂展示,请你根据所给图片,以 Development of Transport in China为题写一篇发言稿。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.题目和首句已为你写好。
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to today\'s convenient transport, Chinese transport has an enormous development. _____________
____________________________
____________________________
参考答案
参考答案
参考答案：（解析转自微信公众号“让英语学习少走弯路”）
听力
1-5 ACBCA 6-10 BBCAB 11-15 ABABC 16-20ACBCA
阅读理解
21-23 CAB
本文介绍了集表演、艺术展览、艺术制作等活动为一体的艺术节，引导学生走进画廊和博物馆，培养审美情趣，提高艺术品味。
21. C 细节理解题。由第一段中“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities.”可知，ARTS FIRST艺术节展示了哈佛艺术社区的创造力，通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动等多种形式呈现。因此，可以确定它是一个展示娱乐活动的艺术节，故选C项。
22. A 细节理解题。由第二段中“Light Awash in Watercolor... Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists”可知，“Light Awash in Watercolor”这个活动涉及绘画技巧的实践和体验。如果你对绘画感兴趣，可以选择这个活动，故选A项。
23. B 细节理解题。由第三段中“...while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials.”可知，Javier Marin的活动包括用手工艺材料制作无脊椎动物。因此，可以确定你可以和Javier Marin一起制作手工艺品，故选B项。
24-27 ACDB
本文以猫和狗为例对于动物习性的了解，体现了人与动物的和谐相处。
24. A 细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，猫通过不同的叫声表达自己的需求，如求助、驱赶危险动物或寻找住所等，表明猫的叫声是一种生存技能，故选A项。
25. C 细节理解题。由第二段内容可知，猫通过嗅觉来评估环境和寻找危险的迹象，它们会在选择放松的地方之前嗅闻特定区域。因此，猫通过嗅觉来评估不同的情况，故选C项。
26. D 词义猜测题。由第三段中“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch.”以及接下来的描述可知，猫通过带回物品给主人来表示爱意，这种行为比狗的取物行为更进一步，即做得更好，故选D项。
27. B 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了猫的行为及其背后的原因，帮助读者更好地理解猫的行为，因此最合适的标题是“理解你的猫的行为”，故选B项。
28-31 CDDA
本文介绍了由俄罗斯政府赞助，面向地区的医疗援助，弘扬了以人为本的价值理念，启发和培养学生的思维品质、人文情怀，培养了学生的理想信念和社会责任感，夯实信仰之基。
28. C 细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，圣卢卡斯火车不接受普通乘客，只接收病人，并为乡村人口提供基本的医疗服务。因此，它的功能类似于医院，故选C项。
29. D 推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，俄罗斯政府在贫困的农村地区，如伏尔加河以东的克拉斯诺亚尔斯克，采取了一些措施来解决公共医疗服务现代化的问题，包括视频预约医生和扩展财政援助项目以激励医生在偏远地区行医。这表明克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗援助，故选D项。
30. D 细节理解题。由第四段中“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock.”可知，圣卢卡斯火车每次补给可以持续大约两周的工作，故选D项。
31. A 观点态度题。由第五段Ducke的话“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned... They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”可知，Ducke对圣卢卡斯火车提供的服务表示赞赏，故选A项。
32-35 ACBB
谈到如何续写故事结尾，围绕文学作品结尾的创作进行探讨，为学生平时欣赏文学作品和开展写作练习提供了有益建议，是强化教考衔接，为2025年陕西步入新高考作文部分新题型读后续写的引领。
32. A 细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，作者在大学三年级时正在进行一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究，并刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》。他去找教授讨论小说的结局，故选A项。
33. C 推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，作者在教授的启发下意识到，不同类型的文学作品有其特有的结局。如果想要读一个结局保证是幸福的，就读爱情小说；如果想要一个猜不出的结局，就读悬疑小说。每种类型的文学作品都有其独特的结局，故选C项。
34. B 细节理解题。由第三段内容可知，一个好的结局需要平衡创造性和不可预测性，同时又不能显得突兀，还需要符合角色的发展。故选B项。
35. B 推理判断题。由第四段内容可知，作者提到Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了说明本期《Writer’s Digest》杂志的主题，即帮助读者了解如何写出一个好的结尾。故选B项。
36-40 FCEBA
本文介绍适度饮食，体现了主题语境中的人与自我。
36. F 前文提到，适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物，餐后感觉满足但不过量。选项F“对我们大多数人来说，适度意味着比现在吃得少。”进一步解释了适度饮食的含义，符合语境。
37. C 前文提到，吃饭时要慢下来，并把食物看作是营养而不仅仅是填饱肚子的东西。选项C“不要在去工作的路上吞下饭。”提醒人们不要匆忙吃饭，符合语境。
38. E 前文提到，在电脑或电视前独自进食容易导致无意识的暴饮暴食，建议谨慎选择随手可得的食物。选项E“相反，要让自己周围都是健康的选择。”提供了一个具体的建议，帮助避免暴饮暴食，符合语境。
39. B 前文提到，情绪进食需要控制。选项B“我们并不总是为了满足饥饿而吃。”解释了为什么人们会进行情绪进食，符合语境。
40. A 前文提到，通过学习更健康的情绪管理方法，可以控制饮食和情绪。选项A“一天中要合理饮食。”提供了合理饮食的建议，与下文内容紧密衔接，进一步说明了健康饮食的重要性，符合语境。
完形填空
41-45 BADBA
46-50 DBCAD
51-55 CBACC
56-60 ABCDD
本文讲述了从奶奶口中了解过去的故事，从而增强对现在幸福生活的感知能力，弘扬感恩之心，聚焦启智润心、铸魂育人。
41. B 选项：sitting room客厅；kitchen厨房；yard院子；dining hall餐厅。结合“help my grandmother wash dishes”可知，作者是帮助奶奶洗碗，所以是在厨房(kitchen)，故选B项。
42. A 选项：As always像往常一样；By the way顺便说一句；For example例如；Here and now现在。由下文讲述奶奶讲故事的内容可知，这是奶奶经常做的事情，因此选择“As always”符合语境，故选A项。
43. D 选项：adjusted调整；promoted提升；achieved取得；experienced经历。结合上下文可知，作者奶奶经历了与作者完全不同的童年生活，故选D项。
44. B 选项：work工作；school学校；court法院；press出版社。由上下文可知，作者奶奶童年没有上学机会，故选B项。
45. A 选项：favored偏爱；tolerated容忍；trusted信任；acknowledged承认。在典型的家庭中，男孩往往比女孩受到更多的偏爱(favored)，故选A项。
46. D 选项：gardening园艺；homework家庭作业；business生意；housework家务。结合上下文可知，奶奶当时需要留在家里做家务，故选D项。
47. B 选项：exercise锻炼；study学习；explore探索；teach教。结合上下文可知，奶奶唯一能学习(study)的机会是通过旁听她哥哥的课，故选B项。
48. C 选项：food食物；guests客人；lessons课；tea茶。由上下文可知，这里指的是奶奶哥哥和家庭教师一起上课(lessons)，故选C项。
49. A 选项：closely紧密地；directly直接地；nervously紧张地；freely自由地。结合上下文可知，奶奶会静静地坐在餐桌的远端仔细地听(closely)，故选A项。
50. D 选项：professional专业的；awkward尴尬的；simple简单的；practical实用的。结合上下文可知，这项技能在他们分享报纸时显得非常实用(practical)，故选D项。
51. C 选项：market市场；mountain山；beach海滩；class课堂。结合上下文可知，奶奶和她的哥哥会去海滩(beach)，故选C项。
52. B 选项：secret秘密；breath呼吸；view视野；tongue舌头。结合上下文可知，他们会屏住呼吸(breath)，故选B项。
53. A 选项：admire钦佩；notice注意；adopt采用；value重视。结合上下文可知，作者钦佩奶奶能在水下睁开眼睛并舒适地坐在海床上的能力，故选A项。
54. C 选项：hands手；mouth嘴；eyes眼睛；arms胳膊。结合上下文可知，奶奶能够在水下睁开眼睛(eyes)，故选C项。
55. D 选项：difficult困难的；complex复杂的；happy快乐的；similar相似的。结合上下文可知，作者的童年和奶奶的童年相比是完全不同的，故选D项。
56. A 选项：grateful感激的；surprised惊讶的；convinced确信的；regretful遗憾的。结合上下文可知，作者感激(grateful)自己没有经历过像奶奶那样的艰辛，故选A项。
57. B 选项：reflect upon反思；go through经历；ask about询问；prepare for准备。结合上下文可知，作者没有经历过(go through)像奶奶那样的艰辛，故选B项。
58. C 选项：unemployment失业；health健康；education教育；communication交流。结合上下文可知，作者从未面临过教育(education)问题，故选C项。
59. D 选项：attend参加；refer提及；lead引导；talk谈论。结合上下文可知，作者认为奶奶是一个很棒的谈话对象(talk)，故选D项。
60. D 选项：come true成真；come round苏醒；come out出现；come alive变得生动。结合上下文可知，奶奶的故事总是让作者的历史课本变得生动起来(come alive)，故选D项。
语法填空
61. to catch
62. treasures
63. what
64. were
65. be done
66.its
67.for
68. completion
69. largest
70. which
文章介绍美国自然公园体系，体现了人与自然的和谐相处。
61. to catch 考查动词不定式。句意：国家公园尤其容易引起我们的注意。tend to do sth. 为固定搭配，表示“倾向于做某事”。因此，此处应填入动词不定式形式to catch。
62. treasures 考查名词复数。句意：它们是美国遗产的瑰宝。结合句意和上下文，这里指的是国家公园作为美国遗产的一部分，应使用复数形式的名词treasures。
63. what 考查连词。句意：在现在的怀俄明州西北部的火洞河边的营火前放松。他们是15人探险队的一部分。结合句意，这里需要填入一个关系代词来引导从句，“what”在此处表示“什么”。所以，填入what。
64. were 考查动词的时态。句意：他们是15人探险队的一部分，这里描述的是过去的情况，主语是they，谓语动词用复数形式，因此填were。
65. be done 考查非谓语动词。句意：应该怎么处理这么美丽的地方？这是一个省略主语的被动结构，“be done”表示“被做”。
66. its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这个地方，以其独特而令人惊叹的自然美景，必须被妥善保存供全国人民欣赏。这里“它的”应用形容词性物主代词“its”。
67. for 考查介词。句意：必须被妥善保存供全国人民欣赏。结合句意，这里表示“为了”，用介词for。
68. completion 考查名词。句意：在他们的旅程结束时，他们都同意并发誓要宣传这个想法。at the completion of ... 是一个固定搭配，表示“在...结束时”。
69. largest 考查形容词的最高级。句意：黄石国家公园是美国最大的国家公园。根据句意，这里需要表示最高级，应用形容词的最高级形式largest。
70. which 考查关系代词。句意：直到阿拉斯加南部的Wrangell-Saint Elias在1978年成为国家纪念碑，并在1980年成为国家公园，才获得12.3百万英亩的荣誉。这里是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Wrangell-Saint Elias，应用关系代词which。
短文改错：
1. but改成and
2. me改成mine
3. packing改成packed
4. A改成An (an attendant)
5. went straight和a 之间 加 to (went straight to a famous)
6. greatly 改成 great (tasted great)
7. here 改成 there
8. enjoyed 改成enjoyable
9. this 去掉(like this in one中的this 去掉)
10. shared改成share
本文介绍的是重庆火锅，通过对中国地方美食介绍，体现了中华饮食文化。
1. but→and 原文: I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. 分析: 由上下文语境可知，作者先是好奇，然后计划了一次特别的旅行，两者之间为顺承关系，因此用and连接。
2. me→mine 原文: I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. 分析: 此处应使用\"my friend\"或\"friend of mine\"表明所属关系。
3. packing→packed 原文: Our fast train was packing with passengers. 分析: 这里要表示“我们的高铁挤满了乘客”，应使用过去分词packed作表语。
4. A→An 原文: A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. 分析: attendant的首字母为元音，冠词应使用an。
5. straight a→straight to a 原文: When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes. 分析: “go straight to”是固定搭配，应在straight和a之间加上介词to。
6. greatly→great 原文: ... and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. 分析: taste作连系动词时，后接形容词作表语，应改为great。
7. here→there 原文: The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed. 分析: 根据句意，描述的是刚到达的餐馆，应使用there指代上文提到的地方。
8. enjoyed→enjoyable 原文: The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed. 分析: “使…更加享受”应使用形容词作表语，改为enjoyable。
9. 把like后的this去掉 此处they like为省略了that的定语从句，先行词是everything，this在此处多余，应去掉。
10. shared→share 原文: ... dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love. 分析: 句子描述的是火锅的目的，应使用一般现在时态，动词应改为share。
书面表达：
参考范文一：
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has seen enormous development. Firstly, shared bicycles have become a popular choice in cities, providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective way to travel short distances. Secondly, the high-speed train network has revolutionized long-distance travel, significantly reducing travel time across the country. Finally, the rise of new energy vehicles reflects China\'s commitment to sustainable development and reducing carbon emissions. These advancements highlight China\'s progress in creating a modern, efficient, and environmentally friendly transport system.
参考范文二：
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations. Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips. Secondly, the introduction of high-speed trains has drastically shortened travel times, making intercity travel faster and more comfortable. Lastly, the proliferation of new energy vehicles underscores China\'s dedication to environmental sustainability, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. These developments illustrate China\'s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation
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